The Australian Welfare State and How to Kick it - 1401 Words

Welfare dependency has increased dramatically since the mid 1960s, with a growing trend of more claimants and fewer payers. Saunders believes the welfare system is revealing serious flaws which are encouraging welfare dependency mainly due to a system which does not encourage self-reliance and work ethic for the majority of recipients. Saunders addresses the issue of poverty amongst welfare dependent households, arguing that current benefits sit above the poverty line and that increased benefits will not necessarily solve poverty, alternatively increasing dependency beyond current levels. He recognises the efficiency and equity implications of the current system, calling for significant and simultaneous reforms to the tax system, labour†¦show more content†¦Lack of work generated income while receiving welfare clearly leads to dependency if the surrounding structural conditions promote this option for the public. High Effective Marginal Tax Rates are one of the structual exp lanations for why people perceive welfare as maximising their options in regard to income and work. Lowering tax is one efficient solution to counter act poverty in welfare dependency. In 2003, 8% of the working population endured EMTRs of 60% or more (Saunders, 2004: 139). Because income support is based off combined family income while taxation is based individually, many part time second income earners see that working is not worth their while (Saunders, 2004: 139). Incentive based welfare reform should mean not punishing those who choose to work (if able) instead of receive benefits on weak claims. Saunders tax reforms suggest that in order for labour to be encouraged the tax system must sit equal with the welfare system in measuring a families income, acknowledging how many people have to be supported by combined income (Saunders, 2004: 143). Other solutions to the effects of high EMTRs are to raise the tax free threshold, replace means tested child payments with flat rate pay ments (Saunders, 2004: 142). Regulatory failures in regard to the labour market hasnt helped Australias Welfare system encourage people into work. High minimum award wages has cut jobShow MoreRelatedAlcohol As A Alcoholic Beverage1362 Words   |  6 Pagesalcohol-related harm. [1] [Minimum Age Limits Worldwide. International Center for Alcohol Policies. Retrieved 2009-09-20.] In Australian society, alcohol has many roles. Many Australians take alcohol mostly for relaxation, enjoyment and for social reasons, and generally they consume alcohol at levels that cause few adverse effects. However, a significant proportion of Australians take alcohol at levels that cause adverse effects. In many countries, Australia inclusive, disease, injury and a considerableRead MoreAlcohol As A Alcoholic Beverage1362 Words   |  6 Pagesalcohol-related harm. [1] [Minimum Age Limits Worldwide. International Center for Alcohol Policies. Retrieved  2009-09-20.] In Australian society, alcohol has many roles. Many Australians take alcohol mostly for relaxation, enjoyment and for social reasons, and generally they consume alcohol at levels that cause few adverse effects. However, a significant proportion of Australians take alcohol at levels that cause adverse effects. In many countries, Australia inclusive, disease, injury and a considerableRead MoreRacial Discrimination Against Aboriginal Australians From The Point Of View Of An Indigenous Individual Essay2257 Words   |  10 Pageswith people like u around, Prejudice will never die†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This famous poem by Indigenous Australian Colleen Kickner (George, 2015) highlights the extreme racial discrimination against Aboriginal Australians from the point of view of an Indigenous individual, specifically in regards to the consumption of alcohol. The somewhat vulgar language as well as being slightly comical in a way, paints a very good picture of how strongly Kickner feels towards the prejudice shown and assumptions made by the (presumably)Read MoreSocial Research On Ethical And Political Context1556 Words   |  7 Pages(Royse, et al, 2006, pp 98-99). LITERATURE REVIEW The 2011 Australian Census, it was reported that 6,117 young Victorians aged 12-24 are homeless on any given night. (Council to homeless persons, 2014). â€Å"While there are practical and mathematical difficulties in measuring homelessness, it s likely that the figures have increased since the 2011 census† (Rugged up, 2013). According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 59 per cent of people seeking immediate accommodation from governmentRead MoreThe Significance of Van Mahotsav for Biodiversity1467 Words   |  6 Pageswater there can be no rivers and no rain-fed forests. 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Finally, I hope my eï ¬â‚¬ort will not go in vain and I wish you all the best. cheers Dr. Nabin 2 MPE781 Economics for Managers, ExamRead MoreThe Equal Education System9443 Words   |  38 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Wealthy kids usually do better in school than poor kids† . Australians likes to think of themselves as an egalitarian society in which everyone has a ‘fair go’ . This idea has led to the creation of an equal education system but today, the reality is far from this egalitarian system. Only 17% of Australians from low-socioeconomic backgrounds are able to attend university , roughly half the likelihood of Australians from medium and high socioeconomic backgrounds. This degree of socio-academicRead MoreProject Management and Max Lionel2301 Words   |  10 Pageslegislation and Codes of Conduct by Real Estate Institute of Victoria. 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Individual Risk Management - 948 Words

Individual Risk Management Craig Foster CPMGT/303 March 17, 2014 Dr. Daryoush Tehranchi Individual Risk Management The objective of risk management is to develop response actions to minimize the impact of possible negative events during every phase of a project. The process also works to increase the impact of the positive events and mitigate the problems associated with making changes (Project Management Institute,  © 2013). The risks in many projects are multifaceted in nature because the positive impact created at one stage of a project, could have dire consequences at another. For example, occasionally in construction projects, floor slabs will have design defects that will not properly drain and eliminate†¦show more content†¦The RMP delivers four main objectives significant to the project, by categorizing the risk into different levels for each phase and department. 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The technical capabilitites and servicing capacity for optimum production levels. External Risks: Implmenting organizational objectives in bureaucratic ccontext of host country and meet essential prog ram operations. RiskShow MoreRelatedRisks Associated With An Individual Perspective Of A Risk Management Program998 Words   |  4 Pagesneeded to be given to the potential risks associated with ongoing day to day activities. Risks can arise due to the nature of the materials in used, the equipment, the people, and so forth. 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Jonas the New Receiver free essay sample

Can you imagine a world where everything is under control, there is no war, pain, or fear but nobody has a right to choose yet it is perfect? Well, Lois Lowry did. She created a world where everyone were supposed to be happy in her futuristic novel, the Giver. Jonas, the protagonist of the story, was selected to be the new Receiver of Memory. It turns out Jonas was singled out with all the differences he had since he started to feel unlike his friends. Not many people were like Jonas; Gabriel, the baby who almost got released, was like him but what was waiting for him in the future? Jonas, who actually aims to be an obedient citizen of his community, ends up realizing the control of the system over people throughout his training to be a thoughtful, compassionate, and brave Receiver. Jonas is thoughtful. For example, he wonders and questions. We will write a custom essay sample on Jonas the New Receiver or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That is he does not just settle for everything around him easily. Likewise, he tries to tell the truths of the community to his family and friends just to make them realize. In other words, Jonas did no longer want to be alone with his inner thoughts, awareness, and memories so that he wanted to share them but couldn’t. Jonas had always been obedient but receiving the memories made him ask why’s, and try to make someone understand the community is not perfect as everyone thought to be. Along with the memories, Jonas gains the bravery as well. For instance, he wanted to feel the pain while receiving the memories. He was being brave and accepted the pain he has to receive. Moreover, he decides to leave the community to go Elsewhere and never come back. Jonas ran away from the truth he couldn’t share, thanks to his bravery. Jonas had hesitated about being different at first but then he fled so that the people would know the things he knows, feel the way he feels. Jonas has been a compassionate guy. For example, he was worried about the Giver’s burden of memories that caused him pain. He considered the Giver’s pain more than his and was willing to have some of the pain to lighten the Giver. Furthermore, he gave some of his new memories of happiness and calmness to Gabriel. He was worried about Gabriel and tried to smoothen him by giving him these memories because otherwise, his father was going to release Gabe just because he slept soundly. Jonas has learned many things from the memories, of course, but his way of thinking for others was probably the most precious thing he had gained through the training. The Giver is just the perfect book to understand how a utopic community can turn out to be dystopian for a young boy who is receiving the past, the truth, and the facts of the community. People never knew, maybe they never will, but a world can never be perfect while it includes the human factor, a system of flows, in it. The fabric of life was to make people feel the way he felt for Jonas so that he went to Elsewhere, someplace where the lies of the community were buried underneath. Jonas wanted the freedom he deserved after all, he wanted to choose so he chose to go away with Gabriel, as being a role model for the ones who has been the slaves of the systems in the real world.

Reasons for and consequences of separatism within and across national borders free essay sample

Separatism is the wanting or succession of being separate and splitting from a main country, usually because they no longer identify with the main body they are attached/part of. As a result, they feel isolated and excluded from the main body and wish to no longer be a part of it, which can often result in peaceful separation from that body, however it is sometimes very violent and may bring about more negatives than positives. Separatism is often the result of certain needs or reasons that the majority of a population in one area agree with, these reasons include reasons like feeling economically isolated, minorities with different cultures or ethnicities that simply do not belong to the main body, the feeling of being exploited by others, the natural collapse of the state, splitting it into many smaller states. As a result of this, there is many consequences brought about, for example the aim is often succeeded, which is the establishment of clear, separate states or countries, the protection of a language, the growth of political parties, terrorism and civil war. We will write a custom essay sample on Reasons for and consequences of separatism within and across national borders or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The majority of the consequences are positive, however the negative consequences are never felt softly, they are always hard hitting globally, for example the violence that the separatism of Timor caused. Sometimes separatism will be forced upon people who didnt want it as a result of greed(The partition of Bengal) or due to the nature of the time, for example the separating of East Germany and West Germany following world war 2. One of the main reasons of the willingness of separatism is a difference in religion beliefs, as a difference in these beliefs is usually a very strong one and in certain areas of the world there is no limitation of religious oppression, often resulting in people dying as a result of religious oppression. As a result, people are often willing to go very far to support their own religious beliefs, this includes separating from a country in order to avoid differences in beliefs and conflicts. This is very evident in Sudan, which was once the largest country in Africa until it separated in 2011. This is an example of religious conflicts causing separatism as the Christian people were struggling under the rule of the Arab Muslim north and so they felt like independence was needed to separate the Muslim north and the Christian south. The situation in Sudan shows clear consequences of what happens when countrys separate when its related to a sensitive topic, such as religion, and it isnt dealt with properly, as the borders were not made clear in Sudan it has resulted in a lot of violence, and on top of that, the majority of the resources went to the south, showing a very unfair scenario of separatism, but also highlights how sometimes separatism isnt just black and white. That theres a lot to take into account, the resources, the terrain, the population, and if these arent all considered and taken into account, the consequence will more than likely be violence, as evident in Sudan where around 690,000 have been displaced along with many needless deaths. Another example of a cause of separatism is oppression and nationality, the idea of being feeling oppressed and wanting to be separate and free. There is many examples of this in history, the most famous being the US declaration of independence where the US felt oppressed by the English and wanted to be separate and no longer colonised. This is another example of separatism that is often very violent and causes a lot of deaths. An example of this is Timor where Portugal ruled east Timor until 1975, where they withdrew, and almost instantly after the Timorese declared independence, Indonesia invaded and used violence to take over. As a result of this, there was many uprising and revolts, and in 1991 the Indonesian people retaliated by opening fire on a memorial procession, killing around 300. As a result the Indonesians were pressured into allowing an independence referendum. This shows an example of a nationalist-separatist movement where a nation resists annexation from another state who only aims to exploit them, and as a consequence, there was unneeded deaths and violence, but a separate East Timor was established, which was the aim all along. Separatism doesnt always have to be violent or cause violence, and often it doesnt, as the cause of separatism often correlates with the consequences of the separatism, for example a non-violent political dispute for separatism will often result in a peaceful separation. An example of this is Scotland, which also provides to be an example of not only feeling economically feeling isolated from the main body (The U. K) but also provides as an example of a country that feels like it is being exploited with England using the north sea oil and gas reserves, and on top of that, nationalism. The entirety of the push for separatism for Scotland has been peaceful and political, and as a clear consequence of this, there has been no violence, but also there will be a preservation of the native Scottish culture and preservation of its separate education and legal system from the U. K. Essentially, Scotland is already separate from the U. K, except with the other countries using the resources within the Scottish boundary which is why there is an uprising on Scottish nationalism in the first place, along with the fact that being separate will benefit them immensely. In conclusion, while separatism is almost guaranteed to cause conflicts, the expression of this conflict doesnt always necessary have to be violent, it can remain peaceful, and often the expression of wanting separatism being peaceful usually results in peaceful consequences. However it is also fair to say that sometimes the violence is unavoidable, such as places where oppression is high and freedom is low, however it is very easy to say that violence could easily be avoided in places where conflict is the result of things that need not cause violence, such as religion and differences in opinions.