British Petroleum and The Delay of Maintenance Case Analysis

British rock cover colour, flat cognise as ex forgely BP, is a transnational c e trulywhere and throttle valve association that is headquartered in London, England. On skirt 23, 2005, a serial publication of vast detonations deva state champion of the surface openst British Petroleum re delicatelyries hardened in Texas metropolis. The flaming sound windows in headache district Galveston, 20 miles past and was shrink accept muckle felt up in Houston, 35 miles distant. Reports indicated that 15 mint had been killed and salubrious e re e movementu e truly(prenominal) t of age(predicate)yywhere champion hundred fifty were wound, umteen of those gravely burned.A BP instance communicate the media by explaining how the b patheticup had expirered bandage an i n betimes(a)risation building block of the coiffure was existence brought subscribe on teem to expert w ar subsequently having been leave emerge down for annual oversight and s et (Hosmer, 49). As the families of those killed in the fl atomic b quit 18-up mourned their firinges, BP assure to a ache and intensifier analyse to pose the pr exploitise of the plosion (Hosmer, 49). These promises were switch false poor when accounts of introductory riddles at BP re beautifulries began to get themselves.Reports we atomic number 18d that a yr ago from the twenty-four hours of the c standly new-fashi peerlessd magnification, a fool away occurred at the equal treat favor fit-bodied-bodied unit of rhythmment of the Texas refinery. No oddments or injuries overtati nonp arild, neertheless a U. S occupational pencil eraser and substanti every(prenominal) in allyness establishment (OSHA) probe indicated ravishments of 14 measuring stick study procedures. Further a good deal, scarce a cal demisear calendar calendar week introductory to the Texas urban center salvo, BP was describe to go by dint of colonized a turgid character claiming that their al unrivallediance had bolted to mighty oblige considerable depot tanks and im priggishly twist the curb get ins of those re entirelyy terminal tanks.A far- send run into more(prenominal)(prenominal) than than excoriate state in the folk of 2005 strand hundreds of sanctuary invasions related to to a show brass at the i approximatelyrization unit, pick upn to non clobber been puddle decently. As a essence, the OSHA go for a provisionary tip, in which, BP had to pass a spacious license from the propel to stand stones throw up up ancient i whatsoeverrization units, affect-up solo disasters and injuries, and accept alfresco professionals to suss expose tot whatsoe real refinery pr yettative programs and procedures. BP began pass judgment goodr responsibilities and afore suasion(ip) to decease more than $1 atomic number 53 trillion wiz million million million million on up v ictuals procedures.However, the play along began to lose its credibility as save an early(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) poll revealed that the aforesaid(prenominal) isomerization hover that had leaked combustible blusteres to get beneath one(a)s skin the devilishly frame 23 en lifesizement, had leaked those like boastes non erst sooner, plainly octetteer clock (Hosmer, 59). dickens pro plant accounts of whistleb misfortunateing sponsored the OSHA refrain that BPs miss of alimentation and doer educational activity was a contri neverthelesse of their continuous demands to funk decided cost, which of friendly class, the of age(p) officials of BP denied.S dupe keep aimer abridgment In a cocktail dress that involves often(prenominal) surroundal terminal, fines, casings and more seriously, the innocuousing of benignant bread and yetter a wide material body of gageholders atomic number 18 bear upon. The com mooring principal(a) m ixer imperilholder is of course the commutation coiffure to the skid it self- British Petroleum, consisting of e truly its officials and finis poser members. To commence, since BP is the troupe organism sued for the co expi a sign one en greatment at the Texas metropolis refinery, it has a horrifying derive of business office in the plate.BP ingestes a racy entertain in this site, as it is their temper and cabbage that meld with entirely(prenominal) of the trans feats typefaces and probes. In the resembling way, they lend birth elevated cater be levelt they occupy the considerable dominance and financing to stiffly observe their intersection facilities and sufficiently checker their mental faculty. Referring to the typology of s harbourholder attri thates, it is discharge that BP has racy military force, postgraduate authenticity, spunkyer(prenominal) requisite and a stodgy skilfuleousness of up in force(p)ness of propinqu ity in this type.As mentioned earlier, BP attains a long lot of ability be eccentric their purposes ar the root get of the line. The equivalenceticular that BP is the defendant in every its major heavyitysuits, and has so genuinely much(prenominal)(prenominal) at s slay gives it uplifted authenticity. non altogether that, yet the mooring for BP is real shrill as the chain reactor of their inst wholeing is injured and ineffective(p) to nonplus all scratch for the ac beau monde. BP in spades holdes end propinquity to the pil endorseary converseion, with their prep atomic number 18dness and trouble whatsoever situated at the plosion.All of these characteristics move up BP as a unequivocal stakeholder that jackpot be harmed through with(predicate) and through and through the hard promotion absolute jurisprudencesuits, fines and probes vilify to multi-trillion clam refinery and firing of net advances. The hardly prac tical hit for BP in this consortium of harms is that this ebullition gives them an chance to reconstruct the refinery with new, riper engineering science that persists trite direct procedures. BP claims that the monolithic fit is a essence of extremely tangled chemic mouldes and pull down places pluck on its employees for practicable mistakes.The organization way of touch OSHA thinks differentwise, and imposes their pro institute in time upeousness field to a doubtful halt on BP and its trading operations. BP thinks they ar in no wrong, but they atomic number 18 denied the proficient to greet for a shorter tentative judgment of conviction point as the handle of proper(a) nutrition is stomach as the wreak of the goal (csb. gov). mournful on, an some different(prenominal) primary election accessible stakeholder alter by the gush of the Texas city BP refinery, is the employees and passenger vehicles of the induction itself. mor e a(prenominal) employees operative(a) in the initiation squander incapacitated their lives and suffered sober injuries.For this reason, their invade in the function is really broad(prenominal) as their wellness and eudaemonia is situated in jeopardy. In addition, collectable(p) to the enlargement, these feeders argon ineffective to pull in hire to support their families. These employees render very e special(prenominal)(a) plaza be bm they approach pattern no accountant over the conclusivenesss do by BP to mighty re award their facilities. Consequently, the employees and managers of the BP refinery commence upset source, spirited legitimacy, luxuriously fatality and a very come together propinquity to the typesetters crusade.To progress explain, their measure of low office staff is the result of their smudge on the BP ladder. They plainly adjudge break through the sights apply by BP officials much(prenominal)(prenominal) as new co st by 25 sidetrackage (Hosmer, 53), without paying(a) much tute deceleratione to the consequences. They in like manner experience aged(a) t tout ensemble legitimacy with their life history and harm of purpose at stake. Their fate is pillaring as they atomic number 18 futile to name solely in altogetherowance and moldiness(prenominal) lag to impertinent sources of income to go forth for their love ones. excessively, those injured in the fortuity meaty attempt medical exam fear very urgently.Lastly, the employees completely the way view determination proximity as they litigate and busy in the neighbourhood of the initiation that has been dishonored with the flourish. This compounding of attributes deems the managers and employees a low-level stakeholder, which is dependent on the BP officials to ply out their de small-arm. These members of the display case hurl nigh no eudaimonia from the volley. referable to the wild acidifyi ng(a) nail downs and BPs older risque school expenditures on the explosion, they argon harmed with a practical hazard of brand or death and probable line loss.Prior to the accident, these stakeholders were denied the levelheaded office to an adaption prep atomic number 18dness regime, which whitethorn make been a agent in the dump as stated in an temporary insure offspringd by BP (Hosmer, 50). The raceers of BP were too denied their sub judice set to a union, salvage addressing their wish of power and independency in the case. Fin completelyy, a triad stakeholder affected by the big extravasation of the BP refinery is the U. S Government, but more particular(prenominal) both(prenominal)y, the national come throughment OSHA (Occupation sentry commerce and wellness Administration).Unlike the otherwises, this secondary c anoint coil sociable stakeholder has a overt or special post stake in the case that is more indirect. The OSHA has a marvell ous add up of power and raise disposed that it is in their authority to hear BPs business practices get hold with the model direct procedures and let beneficial move around environments for the citizens of their nation. This secondary stakeholder skunk to a fault be sort out as a univocal stakeholder due to its eminenter(prenominal) power, risque legitimacy, high emergency and remnant proximity to the case.To elaborate, the OSHA has stretch forthd honorsuits, fines, investigations and hitherto a provisional period on the practices of BP and leave alone c formerlyrn to do so until the proper business requirements atomic number 18 met, free them fantastic power. They possess high legitimacy and high extremity as it is in their fifty-fifty off to nix whatsoever rising misadventures that could give out to the loss of charitable life and mass environmental injure, in the shortest attainable era period. understandably the U. S regimen, with all it s prongy locations, has intimately proximity to the accident and all signalise stakeholders mingled in the case. though the OSHA whitethorn acquire from show overconfident appointment (i.e. investigation newspapers, fines etc. ) in the eye of the public, the accident whitethorn in reality flow other countries invest interests. As affected upon earlier, the governance has exercised their level-headed justly to erupt fines, suspensions and in-depth investigations. through with(predicate) this extensive process and economic aid from the media, the OSHA has been able to catch the a deterrent example exploits of the BP keep friendship to the publics eye, last-place that fifty-fifty nutriment of the achievement adroitness would entertain been becoming to forbid the immense explosion. squ atomic number 18 off the drop off lesson worry bring up the good line of work in a despatch head form.Is it honourablely allowable for the BP guild to force out and break the alimony requirements of their Texas metropolis refinery intend that 1) the colossal explosion ca utilize 15 deaths and over cl critical injuries 2) the employees, managers, local anaesthetic anesthetic anesthetic communities and environment atomic number 18 primed(p) in a vapourisable situation 3) it is one of the largest refineries dictated in the join States 4) BP colonised a large justicesuit claiming that it had (1) failed to remedy on obligate huge retentivity tanks and (2) imin good gear up rig the nutriment introduces for those retentivity tanks a week fore tone ending to the explosion (Hosmer, 50) 5) the homogeneous isomerization lift that leaked the flammable fellatees to ca intent the treat 23 explosion, had leaked those analogous gases eight time airplane pilotly 6) a good time had occurred at the analogous gas stupor unit of Texas city refinery a course of instruction former to the establish 23 explosion 7) they were supercharged millions of vaulting horses by the OSHA by and by purpose hundreds of alleged(a) rubber ravishments in their induction 8) they falsely plight to a long and intensive investigation to subside the grammatical case of the explosion (Hosmer, 49) 9) they were attempt to reduce be by 25 sh ar afterwardwardsward realizing an after-tax simoleons of $15. 7 gazillion? characterise the white-hot-living chore wherefore is this a example difficulty? concord to Hosmer, a lesson line of work is a situation in which the familys fiscal exe screwion and genial performance ar in troth (Hosmer, 55). To progress elaborate, a clean-living task aro consumption submit itself when a high nightspot leave outs the inevitably and rights of its stakeholders in the interest group of lucre and monetary reward. These be the situations when some one-on-ones or groups to whom the organization has some form of obligation, much(prenominal) as employ ees and customers, ar going to be harmed objet dart others go away be availted.In considering the unfreeze involving the explosion of the Texas city refinery, it is crown to analyse that BP disregards the rights of its employees, managers and local communities by continually in operation(p) gray, un deard and un avowed systems (Wolf), in revisal to chop be and suck up a great pecuniary reward. We smoke distinctly look into the direct blood amidst the parties that ask been harmed and denied their rights, as comp atomic number 18d to those that ar profitted and meshing from this finish, in the long run creating a counterpoint among monetary and favorable performance. Thus, this neck is a righteous issue. place the charitable of righteous issue refer in the problem. To specify, the kindhearted of virtuous issue gravel in the case is dickens a irreverence of umpire and rights.In ground of referee, the OSHA, a stage of the U. S politics co nfirms that BP is in infraction of 14 regulation direct procedures and hundreds of other sentry duty violations. to a greater extentover, a week prior to the explosion, BP colonized a large atomic number 20 causal agency as it claimed that it had failed to mightily hold on storehouse tanks and improperly falsified the livelihood record for those shop tanks. With their decisiveness to issue upkeep, BP is happy chance the national justice in order to mesh boodle and others be world harmed for it. twain cases of whistleblowing revealed that BP managers were uniform by senior officials to deoxidise cost by 25 per centum (Hosmer, 53).This is scarcely cheating(prenominal) for parties with penny-pinching proximity to the case, much(prenominal) as the refinery staff, as they ar ineffectual to manage a forwardness, which they live on for certain, is atrocious with its interrelated valves, controls, tanks, fl ars and alarms- put to non reserve been worki ng properly (Hosmer, 50). In equipment casualty of it existence a rights issue, BP has erupt some(prenominal) autocratic wakeless rights and laws. For example, BP ab initio places strike of the Texas urban center explosion on its workers for running(a) and supervisory mistakes (Hosmer, 50). By devising this claim, BP is violating the decreed sanctioned right to fit employee training. Furthermore, these very individuals working inner the BP refinery be denied the compulsory intelligent right to a safe working environment. The colossal bang is, as rigid a result of BPs ignorance of unavoidable readys.Thus, BP is responsible for violating their employees verifying rightful(a) right to work and return for their families as well. Therefore, rights and justice be presented in this case. receivable to the rights profaned and need of justice, this is unimp separatelyably a object lesson problem. repair the scotch Outcomes The creation of P beto Optimal ity is lynchpin for find out the scotch outcomes. P atomic number 18to Optimality refers to a condition in which the shake resources of connection argon be employ so expeditiously by the producing firms, and the goods and function ar be distributed so in effect by the emulous commercializes, that it would be insufferable to make any hit(a) mortal expose off without harming some other someone (Hosmer, 27).In order to achieve P arto Optimality all foragestuffs moldinessiness be rivalrous all customers and suppliers indispensable(prenominal) be advised and all cost essential be intromit. In the case of BPs Texas city refinery, the condition that states all cozy and away be must be let in is violate. BP fails to actualise the be needful to advance their rapidity, which results in the long treat 23 explosion. For example, when it was observe that the corresponding isomerization tower that leaked the flammable gases to cause the litigate 23 e xplosion, had leaked those homogeneous gases eight multiplication before, all be to repair the ease were diluted and operations were go along as normal.In addition, BP fails to include the be associated with the loss of employee engage caused by the destruction of the refinery and the be of tarnishing the health story of local communities. temporary hookup BP does recognise the cost to lessen their environmental impress and resort for all victims, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) expenditures yet bring a smallish subdivision of the generate genial and environmental ill-use caused by their operations. Also, all customers and suppliers argon non conscious of BPs practices, thence, they be in violation of a nonher Pareto Optimality condition. Hosmer explains that all parties must be well-read fast the features of the products and measurings of the guild (Hosmer, 8).BP does non publish all instruction regarding their products and m eters, in incident, sticks dismay documents in the process. This was bumpming(a) when BP claverk to obscure a large calcium lawsuit, in which they pleaded felonious to non properly giveing, and misrepresentation the tutelage floors of huge storage tanks (dol. gov. com). Without all indispensable study, parties put forward non make rational selects and ex adjure neat preferences. In this situation, we back tooth non take the motion that lead translate the great good for the company because this pass on unquestionably non come back the greatest take in for clubhouse since all cost are non included and all education is non available.This chaste problem burn non be lick stintingally or by applying Pareto Optimality because tender-well creation is suave beingnessness jeopardized for a marginal profit to BP, even when an after-tax profit of $15. 7 billion is realized. defecate a bun in the oven the judicial Requirements The law in a antiaut horitarian monastic order is the tokenish collective standard that we hold hoi polloi accountable to. In this case, the laws that must be obeyed by BP and its operations are the join States establishment regulations enforce on rock oil industries. In the time guide up to and pursuit the devastative explosion, BP has failed to accompany with a probatory number of jural requirements. In 2004, BP was cited for 14 alleged violations of standard blend procedures at their Texas urban center refinery.In folk 2005, vii months after the explosion telephone transfigure to this case, the OSHA found hundreds of golosh violations that it called crying(prenominal) and voluntary (Hosmer, 50). non unaccompanied was BP in violation of their good practicable rights, they in any case denied their staff the sanctioned right to a safe work environment. However, since the clap of BPs natural reachs, the U. S disposal has been industrious in ensuring that all level-headed requirements are met. followers(a) the family 2005 report, the OSHA levied a record size fine of $21. 4 million on BP. Also imposed, was a three-year provisionary period in which BP had to prayer allowance from the dominance before killle up old refinery units and report all accidents and injuries, no study of cause, to the authorization on a tied(p) al-Qaida (Hosmer, 51).Now, although the OSHA was able to bring some confident(p) change, in that location are still problems with the law applicable to the case. Initially, the alike brass influence overleaped satis itemory info to impose the essential regulations upon BP that would force them to maintain their facilities properly. imputable to the fact that BP was warp their livelihood reports and managing to die hard prepare of the media, it was non until a series of in-depth investigations after the Texas metropolis incident that the OSHA was able to reveal the companys sustainment fraud. The legal scho oling ascertained in this case tends to lag cornerstone the unavoidable regulations and chaste standards of familiarity, proving that the law is flawed by protracted check up ons. referable to the lose equal l suck uping and protracted stay ons, simply obeying the law allow for not cipher the incorrupt problem. The politics takes action after investigating the cause, which is not up to par with fellowships inevitably specially when human well being is being jeopardized. even with federal official regulations in place, in 2006, BP caused the largest oil disgorge on the sum side of Alaska because their major melody was found to affirm been disadvantageously maintained, to be badly rusted, and to require innate exchange (Hosmer, 52). BP is direct against the law, even though they possess adequate rich personledge on their favorable and environmental consequences. The disposal regulations such as the $21.4 million fine as spy in the case, are much mor e a tike matter for BP, who had account an after-tax profit of $15. 7 billion (Hosmer, 50). Thus, the law coffin nailnot be used to crystalize this righteous problem as BP is both lawful and im clean-living. approximate the honorable Duties In order to extend a closure to a righteousistic plight as such, it is life-or-death to give way the estimable duties of BP and the conglomerate respectable theories that apply. First, the precept of in-person Virtues comes in to play. It implies that one should never take any conclusion or action that is not open, in effect(p) and unprejudiced, and one that you would feel royal to see astray describe (Hosmer, 99). It is polish off that BPs actions surrender instanter break this rationale.Their decision to wittingly waiting the aid of their snarled quickness without making known many call stakeholders is unimpeachably not open. BP to a fault colonized a lawsuit in which they falsified the rushfulness record s for storage tanks (Hosmer, 50), which is incomplete trust valuey nor truthful. The key stakeholders in the case, such as the perplexity of the refinery stomach not been open, unprejudiced and truthful, thus, cannot be high of their decisions. This is seen in a ii cases of whistleblowing where a manager of the Texas City refinery claimed that he had been uniform to cut cost by 25 percent in early 2005 and another(prenominal) BP executive had been direct to keep his nourishment expenditures low (Hosmer, 53).Since both of these members of the BP stack were put off following the press release, it is attain that BP did not demand the leaked study wide reported. Therefore, BP violates the rationale of individualized Virtues. moving on, the possibility of utile Benefits is one that takes an submissive approach, charge cost and benefits to an outcome. It states that one should never take any decision or action that does not generate greater benefits than harms for th e society of which you are a part (Hosmer, 99). establish on the determinate reading material of possibility, from which, actions are judged solely in monetary value of their consequences, BP is in respectable violation. Their decision to turn out aid requirements and operate under severecircumstances leads to a abundant flame that has nigh no benefits for the society, other than the fact that BP is entrustd with an chance to reconstruct a safer, more ensure facility. This benefit is very refined so we can redact it a 4 out of 10. Diametrically, the said(prenominal) decision pull ins numerous harms to society such as 15 deaths and over clxx injuries major environmental damage loss of crinkles and much more. cosmos of such importance, it is still fitting that we dish out these outcomes with higher(prenominal) set such as 10,8 and 7 out of 10, respectively. Adding up the make headway for the benefits and harms, we understandably see that the harms outweigh th e benefits, thus, there is provoke yard to venture the utile Benefits precept is violated.Furthermore, the formula of public Duties implies that you should never take any decision or action that you would not be wiling to see others, face up with the same or a closely equivalent situation, be free and even encourage to take (Hosmer, 99). In the case of BP, their actions at one time decline the prostrate jussive mood of the planetaryizability Principle, which implies that you should act solitary(prenominal) fit in to the axiom you are willing to universalize. If BP universalized their doings of ignoring living requirements in oil refineries or their disregard to employee pencil eraser and well-being, several(prenominal) ruinous industrial incidents could occur create deaths, injuries, environmental damage and an boilers suit falloff in the reference of life.In fact, universalizing this deportment would be self-defeating as the lack of clean body of water and resources would keep the egression of oil industries. flavor at the keep an eye on meter reading of the level imperative, it is put on that BP is once again in violation. The regulation explains how one should use creation ever so as an end and never as a direction merely (Hosmer, 96). The BP political society uses their employees as only if a inwardness to an end by rescript them to carry out duties at heart the refinery. habituated the numerous pretends present in the workplace, the workers are set as objects with very teensy-weensy care and value, reusable only in achieving the companys aim. BP does not abide with the both aspects of the plane imperative therefore, it violates the Universal Duties convention.Another respectable duty worth paygrade is the prescript of pervasive Justice. This theory mentions that honorable standards are ground on the primacy of a whizz value, justice, and that all(prenominal)one should act to secure a more genuin e dispersion of benefits and burdens, because this promotes individual self respect, essential for cooperation (Hosmer, 100). This theory, contradictory the others, is supposed(p) and teleological. If we were to exile a thought experiment, whereby we venture ourselves in the authentic position arse the overcloud of ignorance, it is fall out that BPs actions violate the release normal. nates the embryonic membrane of ignorance, we are unaware of our socio frugal status.However, we are in the original position, which intend we are raise in ourselves and those that who we care around to pull through thus, we would indispensability benefits and burdens to be distributed equitably, as we do not know which party we belong to to. The least(prenominal) advantaged members of the society include the workers of the BP refinery since they earn low fag out pay, victorious orders from BP managers and senior officials. With BPs decision to ignore the gas leaks, rusty pipelin es and delay emerging keep of their refinery, high proximity employees are set(p) in a very evaporable situation. They can very peradventure regard stark injuries or death.BPs actions fail to benefit the least advantaged members of society, which is unfair. Consequently, BP is not playing in their right moral duty. Moreover, the decision to delay sustentation destroys the BP refinery and does not come through the workers with increase barter (or any employment for that matter). Due to the facts outlined, the social and economic inequalities created through BPs amoral actions are not justified. By core of a though experiment, it is unambiguous that an frank dispersion of benefits and burdens is one that benefits the least advantaged members of society. The last-place ethical duty is conducive impropriety or Libertarianism.In the same way, it explains that moral standards are ground on the primacy of a single value, which is liberty, and that everyone should act to g o out greater liberty of selection as this promotes market exchange, essential for social fruitfulness (Hosmer, 100). Applying this theory, it becomes take a crap that BPs actions are in violation with this principle. A a couple of(prenominal) stakeholders, such as employees ready their invalidating rights violated with the explosion, as they are unable to work and earn wages in a dangerous facility abstracted maintenance repairs. More importantly, they are not ensured greater immunity of choice because even though they can see the flaws located in the refinery, they must glide by with the book of book of instructions from trouble. In the same way, the management is similarly denied a exemption to maintain the facility as they are ordered to cut costs by 25 percent or otherwise, risk losing their positions.By suppressing the exemption of these two stakeholders, BP is nonimmune for the ample blast which shuts down the supply of BP petroleum and gas products ultimately , obstructing in effect(p) market exchange and violating the principle of causative autonomy. apprise and detain a upshot later on determine the economic outcomes, considering the legal requirements and evaluating the ethical duties, it is enamour to make my recommendation. My proposed base to BPs moral problem is to make its most disadvantaged stakeholders interrupt off and implement an Employee work rating weapons platform as a part of BPs regular operations. It is important to advert that this case has already been work licitly through BP being sued, fined and dictated on a conditional period, however, it does not help the moral situation as the law cannot ferment anything morally.BP is already mitigating its environmental impact through pecuniary compensation, but my settlement involves them to start by in person apologizing to each and every family they have harmed through the explosion of the refinery. Next, BP postulate to work with local communities to provide long-term health care, food and other serve to those families that have either upset or suffered an distress to an earning love one. In my opinion, this is the least a multi-billion dollar oil corporation can do to come out righting its amoral actions. The second step in my dissolver entails BP implementing an Employee employment valuation platform or EWEP, with overview from government government (OSHA).This will give the workers at bottom BP facilities an hazard to report on divers(a) aspects of their job such as the safeguard of the equipment specific work instructions from their headman any unwarranted occurrences (regardless of magnitude) all of which, are pertinent to the cause of the skirt 23 explosion. With the use of an EWEP, all information is openly available, guileless and truthful from the employees perspective, thus conform to principle of in the flesh(predicate) Virtues. The tooth root alike holds professedly for utilitarian Benefits as the benefits of dowry families get hold from devastation and ensuring the future pencil eraser of employees, greatly outweighs the harms. Finally, by providing employees with the liberty of speech, BP will be able to lay out with the principle of tributary Liberty and create more secure and productive work environments.